Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi (JPK) or The Journal of Communication Research is published by Human Resources Development and Research of Communication and Informatics Office (BPSDMP) Bandung. First published in December 1997, the journal is intended to be the media to report research in communication, media, and informatics subject. It is now published bi-annually, in July and December. Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi has been accredited by Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) with accreditation number: 770/AU1/P2MI-LIPI/08/2017. In 2018 Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi has been accredited again in S2 through Kemenristekdikti statute number: 30/E/KPT/2018 Diterbitkan oleh Balai Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia dan Penelitian Komunikasi dan Informatika (BPSDMP) Bandung. Terbit pertama kali Desember 1997. Jurnal ini dimaksudkan sebagai media yang menyajikan hasil-hasil penelitian di bidang komunikasi, media, dan informatika. Terbit 2 (dua) kali setahun, setiap Juli dan Desember. Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi telah terakreditasi oleh Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) dengan No. Akreditasi: 770/AU1/P2MI-LIPI/08/2017. Pada tahun 2018, Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi kembali terakreditasi peringkat 2 (S2) melalui Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan, Kemenristekdikti Nomor: 30/E/KPT/2018
Balai Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia dan Penelitian (BPSDMP) Komunikasi dan Informatika
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Communication of The Nonpermanent Registration Policy Through E-Punten
This study aimed to determine and describe the communication of Non-Permanent Population Registration policies through E-Punten at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Bandung City. The main problem of this research is that communication among institutions is not yet optimal, which results in a weak understanding of the immigrant community; hence their response is subsided about the importance of having a Temporary Residence Certificate. The research method used was a qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques: observation, interview, and documentation study. The study results revealed that E-Punten policy communication had not achieved maximum results since communication between institutions was not optimal in implementing E-Punten policies at the executive level. However, this research novelty is that policy communication encourages implementation with a humanist approach and requires innovations on socialization in various spaces, including public service advertisements and media platforms.
Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi
Representation of Agent and Structure of Indonesian Muslim Community in the Film “Bid’ah Cinta”
There were two problems to be solved in this research. The first problem was the ideology of Islamic law practiced by Islamist individuals or groups to solve the problems in society. However, it often leads to clashes between individuals or groups in its structure. Second, Islamist individuals or groups used religious beliefs as a source of social (political) action by showing that social change is not based on agent routines, as Giddens argues in structuration theory. We illustrated these two issues in the text of "Bid'ah Cinta" (2017) film, directed by Nurman Hakim. The theory used was a combination of Giddens' structuration and the concept of Islamism. Meanwhile, the method used was van Dijk's critical discourse analysis using three tools: text, cognition, and social context. At the text level, this study used Peircean semiotics to identify icons, indexes, and symbols in the text. At the same time, we conducted the interview method to determine cognition and social context. The result was that religious beliefs encouraged agents to take action to bring about social change. This explanation contradicts Giddens's opinion. He said that social change was based only on agent routines and repetitive social practices that have access to rules and resources (structures). Examples of this were changing the practice of prayer, the prohibition of local Islamic traditions, and changes in the procedures for establishing social relations in the community. At the level of cognition and social context, the background of the filmmaker and the social situation in society determined the issues raised in the film, especially about the discourse of bid'ah (in a negative sense, akin to deviant), kafir (unbeliever), and the massive presence of Islamist groups after the New Order era.
The Level of Knowledge about Smart City in Indramayu Regency
Evaluation of the implementation of a smart city in the Indramayu Regency needs to be carried out sustainably, especially for the local government (regional institutions) as implementing smart city programs/services, so that the goals and benefits of the programs rolled out can be in line with what is expected. By understanding this level of knowledge, the smart city program's participation, benefits, and priorities according to the needs of the Indramayu Regency can be explored. The purpose of this study is to obtain information about the level of knowledge, participation, and benefits of a smart city in the Indramayu Regency from the side of government agencies or the State Civil Apparatus or ASN. This research uses quantitative methods with the population of 31 Indramayu Regency Government Agency with the number of respondents 124, to discover the level of knowledge about smart cities in Kab. Indramayu. The sampling technique used stratified random sampling per regional government agency. The results showed that the level of knowledge of the smart city in ASN Indramayu Regency is in the medium category, with smart government level of knowledge being the highest and smart economy being the lowest. The level of use of the smart city in ASN Indramayu Regency is the smart government is the highest and smart economy is the lowest. The level of benefits the smart city, most ASN in Indramayu Regency stated that the smart city is in the beneficial category.
The Role of Indonesia Parliamentary Television as Government Broadcasting to Enhance Public Trust
This article describes an idea about the democratization in Indonesia Parliamentary Television. There are many political interests brought about at the parliament house. Therefore, it disables the freedom of news coverage in Indonesia's House of Representatives. This paper aimed to explain how broadcasting democratization is portrayed in Parliamentary Television. The method used was a field study where the interviews and observation took place at the Parliamentary Building of Indonesia's House of Representatives. This study used qualitative analysis to examine how Indonesia Parliamentary Television was upholding democratic broadcasting systems to voice the equitability of all political parties. Parliamentary Television implemented accountability in broadcasting content programs; thus, the public could supervise the house council's policies. The easiness of the public to get information directly through Parliamentary Television is needed to prioritize openness as the foundation of democracy and improve public trust in the Indonesian government.
Therapeutic Communication Between Nurses and Dementia’s Patients at Psychiatric Hospital
Dementia is a mental and behavioural disorder which requires the process of handling patients to be carried out with a rehabilitation approach. The condition of dementia patients who experience senility or memory loss is an interesting issue to analyze. This study aimed to explain the interaction process and the application of therapeutic communication between dementia patients and nurses in the rehabilitation process. This research was conducted with a descriptive qualitative research method, utilized the theory of managing dementia patients. Using purposive sampling in determining the sources, the authors then conducted in-depth interviews with three experienced nurses dealing with dementia patients to examine the application of therapeutic communication in the rehabilitation process. As a result, the cultural approach in the interaction between nurses and patients dramatically determined the success of building patient trust. The cultural similarities reflected in most of the regional languages used in the interaction process between nurses and patients effectively built emotional bonds in interpersonal interactions. Nurses' experience in dealing with dementia patients also supported effectiveness in the rehabilitation process for dementia patients.
communication science and humanities and media studies
Government Political Communication in The Formulation of The Omnibus Law Cipta Kerja
The formulation of the Omnibus Law Cipta Kerja (Omnibus Law on Job Creation) had caused massive controversy and rejection in the form of a wave of demonstrations by workers, students and elements of society. This study aimed to reveal and analyze patterns of government political communication in the form of statements and clarification by central government officials about the important role of the Job Creation Law for improving the investment climate and providing employment for the ever-increasing workforce and the impact of implemented communication patterns government. This study used a qualitative method with a critical discourse analysis approach. The study found that government political communication in the formulation of the Omnibus Law Cipta Kerja was to form public opinion and encourage the political participation of the community and stakeholders with an act of accepting the ratification of the law. However, central officials' delivery of the substance of the law across ministries and non-governmental organizations tended to be carried out partially and reactive, giving rise to prolonged debates. Therefore, it can be concluded that the government's political communication on strategic policy issues still raises public doubts resulting in unexpected political effects in the form of demonstrations of workers, students and elements of society.
Student's Opinion on Covid-19 Discourse in The Media News Room
Students are one of the vulnerable social groups who have their own perceptions of the Covid-19 phenomenon. As an intellectual community, students certainly have critical-idealist ideas that are important to explore. This qualitative research aimed to understand students' perceptions, whose discourse was extracted from the opinion room of online media news (websites) related to the Covid-19 pandemic. Through functional discourse theory and descriptiveinterpretive analysis methods, this study concluded that student discourse related to Covid-19 was still a general discourse, had not touched the needs and was directly related to the real-substantive problems students faced as the affected vulnerable group. In terms of the opinion texts they wrote, the students' idealism was reflected in the critical discourse construction on the performance of the government, considered ineffective in dealing with the pandemic and their academic alignments with the public interest related to the phenomenon of the Covid-19 pandemic as the social background of discourse.
Framing Analysis: The Image of Indonesian Government in The Handling of Covid-19 Pandemic in Online News Media (Kompas.Com And Detik.Com)
The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the historical events recorded in 21st century. Therefore, the performance of the Indonesian government in controlling this pandemic has become a major concern for media institutions. This study aimed to determine the framing of the issue and image of the Indonesian government in managing the COVID-19 pandemic in online news Kompas.com and Detik.com. The news reporting period began from March 2nd, 2020 (when the government announced the first COVID-19 cases, until June 30th, 2020, when the government eased the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) and new normal policy. This study used Pan and Kosicki's framing analysis method with a constructivist paradigm. Pan and Kosicki's method utilized four elements of analysis: 1) syntactic structure, 2) script structure, 3) thematic structure, and 4) rhetorical structure, which represents the structural dimensions of a news story. The finding shows that in the issue of pandemic handling, Kompas.com focused more on health issues while Detik.com focused on economic issues. Meanwhile, the Indonesian government image tended to be negative with unclear policies, poor performance and incompetence in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic problem.
Representation of Micro Nationalism in Social Media: A Problem for Indonesia as “Imagined Community”
Indonesia is a country diverse in many aspects. The Indonesian nation is united by nationalism even though they do not know each other. However, nationalism as an "imagined community" is challenged by the presence of micronationalism. This nationalism appears in many communities within the country, including cultural communities. One of the phenomena in Indonesia was the presence of the Keraton Agung Sejagat (KAS) kingdom. This article describes the meaning of the KAS micronationalism symbol as represented in their cultural parade. The research data was obtained from shared media (YouTube), which featured the KAS cultural parade. The data were analyzed using semiotic analysis, as Roland Barthes introduced. In conclusion, micronationalism's symbolic meaning shows not only unequal welfare but also the imagination that Indonesia is not united. The communities have their imaginations and depictions. The new communication technology supports achieving their goals and ideology, even though it is not following Indonesia's national interests. This study recommends increasing public literacy, not only media literacy but also cultural literacy in the archipelago, so that media use is in accordance with national interests and identities.
Digital Movement of Opinion #IndonesiaTerserah on Social Media Twitter in The Covid-19 Pandemic
The #IndonesiaTerserah Digital Movement of Opinion was used by netizens to express disappointment towards the government and the public related to the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study's purpose is to determine the perceptions or opinions formed in the community on the hashtag #IndonesiaTerserah during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used was a mixed method by combining quantitative methods for statistical calculations of communication networks with a sample of 2000 tweet data, 779 actors and 863 relations using Netlytic and Gephi, with the qualitative method to analyze text using the Digital Movement of Opinion, which describes and explains social networks and their network structures. The results showed that #IndonesiaTerserah was able to create mobility in the opinion of netizens in a communication network with the help of @radioelshinta and @cnnindonesia (Popular Actors), 449 Closeness Actors, @ridwanhr (Betweenness/Intermediary Actor), @donadam68, @reiza_patters, @ toperendusara1, @bangariza, @ kholil78 (Eigenvector/Significant Actor). Disappointment of netizens has mainly shown to people who were less aware of suppressing the number of Covid-19 in Indonesia with an analysis value of 32%; to the government in making confusing policies and unable to provide for daily needs with an analysis value of 21%, and to both of them at 11%. Moreover, the use of hashtags was interpreted widely and differently by 36%.
The Quality of Public Information on Twitter: Yogyakarta And DKI Jakarta Regional Government Comparison
Twitter is considered one of the most appropriate media or platforms to realize transparency, participation, and accountability in governance. Social media adoption is also carried out by the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta and the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). This study aimed to explain the quality of public information of the Yogyakarta Provincial Government and the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government through Twitter in 2019. The method used was descriptive qualitative by depicting a comparison of public information quality of both regional governments. The content analysis was processed with Nvivo application 12 Plus by collecting research data through Twitter accounts, online media, and literature reviews. The results showed that the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government and the Yogyakarta Provincial Government actively used Twitter to convey information. The use of Twitter @humas_jogja by the Yogyakarta Provincial Government has fulfilled five public information quality variables: transparency (52%), participation (53%), trust (32%), human resource capacity (50%), and accountability (62%). Meanwhile, the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government Twitter account had a transparency value (47%), participation (48%), trust (68%), human resource capacity (49%), and accountability (37%). Each provincial government had a relationship with these variables. Therefore, it could be seen that the public information on Twitter of the Yogyakarta Provincial Government and the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government had the quality. This article contributes to the government's evaluation of Twitter adoption and its relationship to the quality of public information provided to the public.
The Women’s Struggle in Jasmine`S Character in The Aladdin Movie (2019)
Aladdin (2019) is a movie produced by Walt Disney Pictures. The issues that emerged in this movie are how a woman struggles to become a sultan (leader of the kingdom). Princess Jasmine's strong character is a central figure depicted in a critique of the role of women who are still considered marginal. The purpose of this study was to explain the struggle of Middle Eastern women to fight the shackles of patriarchal leadership. The research used a qualitative method which was analyzed through critical discourse. The results of this study were obtained through a series of dialogues and analyzed scenes to bring up Princess Jasmine's struggle to become a sultan and change the patriarchal system of power in the kingdom, which Princess Jasmine ultimately led. While in the reader's position, the character of Putri Jasmine was placed as a woman trapped in a patriarchal system and struggled using her consciousness as a feminist to get equality in the patriarchal domination monarchy.
The Implementation of Sharia Marketing Communication in The Muslim Fashion E-Commerce in Indonesia
This research aimed to analyze the implementation of muamalah provisions based on Islamic law in Muslim fashion e-commerce. The case study method was utilized to achieve the objective. The theoretical approach used is marketing communication management in Islam. The research was conducted at HIJUP.COM, the first and largest Muslim fashion e-commerce in Indonesia. The data collection techniques used in this study were written documentation, digital data archive records, in-depth and focused interviews, participant observation, physical devices, and literature study. Seven informants consisted of experts and practitioners of e-commerce, sharia marketing communication, and religious leaders selected through a purposive sampling technique. The results proved that e-commerce transactions followed the general selling and purchasing contract in Islamic law. Ideally, the implementation process includes four characteristics of sharia marketing, that is Theistic (Al-Rabbaniyah), Ethical (Al-Akhlaqiyah), Realistic (Al-Waqiah), and Humanistic (Al-Insaniyah). Obstacles in implementing sharia marketing communication included the low level of understanding and kaffah and the creative processes that must be smarter because it includes two dimensions, business and the hereafter.
Video Conferencing Conducted by Public Relations During The Covid-19 Pandemic through The Lens Of Journalists
Covid-19 pandemic has altered journalists and public relations (PR) works. The city’s large-scale social restriction and the New Normal scenario have forced PR personnel to avoid large mass events. The executive and the public relations are now using video conferences to communicate with their publics through journalists. This study explored the video conferencing conducted by PR during the Covid-19 pandemic from the journalist’s perspective. The researchers used face-to-face interviews with print and online journalists in Jakarta as a data collection technique. This research showed that journalists have different perspectives when public relations officers were doing a video conference during the pandemic. Some points highlighted are the apps that public relations used, the time and duration of the event, the profile of the participants, and the content of the events. When compared with face-to-face events, video conferencing done by public relations has weaknesses either technically or content of the event. However, most journalists prefer online meetings if the pandemic still not yet over. Meanwhile, if public relations activities turn face-to-face during the pandemic, they should impose a strict health protocol.
Netiquette Analysis of Youtube Content in The Covid-19 Pandemic
The rise of videos on YouTube channels which content is viral yet insensitive to the current condition of the Covid-19 pandemic shows that ethical issues in creative content are becoming serious problems. The purpose of this study is to examine the issue of netiquette during the Covid-19 pandemic in YouTube content. This research used the qualitative content analysis method. The results concluded that a prank video, which showed the distribution of groceries containing trash and stones by Ferdian Paleka and the video of Indira Kalistha, who were reluctant to follow the procedures for preventing Covid-19, had very little ethics and did not educate the public. Both YouTubers also did not realize that they had the power to influence their many followers using their content. Prank videos made mainly by content creators are considered a kind of creativity to meet the audience's desire for entertainment. Moreover, fierce competition between creators cannot be avoided; hence ethics is ruled out sometimes, and they merely intended to gain more subscribers. On the contrary, a viral video of Edward Suhadi frying eggs in the campaign aimed for people not to panic buying during the Covid-19 pandemic received many positive responses from citizens. This video also inspires people to take social action.
Komunikasi Lingkungan Pengelolaan Sampah pada Bank Sampah di Tangerang Selatan
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan komunikasi lingkungan pengelolaan sampah pada bank sampah di antara pemangku kepentingan di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan perolehan data melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis data dilakukan dengan strategi explanation buildings, di mana peneliti mencoba mengonstruksi penjelasan tentang kasus dengan membuat pernyataan terkait fenomena yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa proses komunikasi lingkungan pada pengelolaan sampah di komunitas bank sampah antara pemangku kepentingan pendukungnya mempertemukan tiga kepentingan yaitu, pemerintah (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup), pengepul, dan komunitas bank sampah. Ketiga pemangku kepentingan tersebut akhirnya membentuk model komunikasi konvergen saling pengertian dan saling ketergantungan yang memosisikan bank sampah sebagai isu publik dalam pengelolaan sampah.
Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi
International Students’ Communication Adaptation to Academic Environment in the United Kingdom
As part of globalization with the greater ease of communication and transportation technology, the number of international students studying overseas, especially non-Westerners who study in Western countries such as the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Australia, has increased over the years. This research explores the challenges international students faced in the Master's Programs in their adaptation to the new academic environment in the United Kingdom. The researchers used phenomenology as a theoretical perspective by taking into account the U-curve model of intercultural adaptation. This study employed a qualitative method by interviewing six female international students. Based on the research findings, the international students found challenges in adapting to the new academic environment in the United Kingdom. The challenges incorporated a lack of language skills to master study skills, besides difficulties in building relationships and making friends.
Tingkat Literasi Digital Siswa SMP di Kota Sukabumi
Banyaknya siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) yang menggunakan gawai menjadi hal yang amat diperhatikan. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan tingkat literasi digital yang bervariasi pada tingkat pendidikan yang beragam. Jumlah penelitian literasi digital terdahulu minim pada tingkatan siswa SMP, sehingga peneliti memandang pentingnya dilakukan penelitian literasi digital terhadap siswa SMP. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat literasi digital siswa SMP di Kota Sukabumi yang diukur berdasarkan konsep Paul Giltser. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode survei dan pengumpulan data melalui penyebaran kuesioner terhadap 400 responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komponen penelitian Internet Searching, Hypertextual Navigation, Content Evaluation, dan Knowledge Assembly masing-masing memiliki skor yang baik. Simpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman siswa terkait literasi digital berada pada taraf positif dengan kategori baik. Secara umum siswa SMP di Kota Sukabumi telah memiliki perangkat yang memadai untuk mengakses internet. Namun, siswa-siswa tersebut secara umum masih belum dapat memahami secara utuh terkait penggunaan gawai yang baik dan optimal sehingga pemahaman tersebut perlu ditingkatkan lagi.
Muhammad Endriski Agraenzopati Haryanegara
Konvergensi dan Perubahan Sosial: Interaksi Penonton Asian Games 2018 pada Kanal Digital Emtek Grup
Di era media baru, Elang Mahkota Teknologi Grup (Emtek Grup) telah melakukan konvergensi sesuai dengan tuntutan zaman. Ketika mendapatkan hak siar Asian Games 2018, Emtek Grup melakukan konvergensi media secara khusus untuk menayangkan pertandingan. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis pemanfaatan kanal-kanal digital Emtek Grup untuk menarik penonton pertandingan olahraga selama Asian Games berlangsung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis deskripstif terhadap data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Emtek Grup telah membuat kanal khusus untuk Asian Games 2018 yaitu KapanLagi Youniverse Sport, selain kanal-kanal digital yang sudah ada. Emtek Grup juga melakukan distribusi konten melalui televisi konvensional (free-to-air) dan siaran tunda (video on demand) di kanal digitalnya. Semua kanal Emtek Grup memiliki kekuatan untuk menarik penonton menyaksikan pertandingan Asian Games.
Analisis Strategis Kabupaten Subang Menuju Smart City
Adanya dorongan untuk merespon kebutuhan, potensi daerah serta memberikan pelayanan publik yang cepat, transparan, dan efisien di era digital menjadikan Pemerintah Kabupaten Subang melakukan berbagai upaya dalam mempersiapkan daerahnya menuju smart city. Beberapa langkah penting yang perlu diambil oleh pemerintah daerah sebelum melakukan pembangunan smart city yaitu mengidentifikasi tujuan atau hasil yang ingin dicapai, mengumpulkan aspirasi yang muncul di wilayahnya, serta mengetahui apa yang menjadi kekuatan dan peluang melalui strategi-strategi sesuai dengan kapasitas wilayahnya. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis strategis kota/kabupaten menuju smart city melalui analisis SOAR dengan fokus dalam menganalisis strenghts (kekuatan), opportunities (peluang), aspirations (aspirasi), dan results (hasil) pada dimensi smart city, yakni dimensi smart government, smart economy, smart living, smart people, smart mobility, smart environment. Melalui studi ini dilakukan analisis strategis smart city Kabupaten Subang dengan pendekatan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dan teknik penentuan informan secara purposif. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis SOAR. Hasil penelitian memformulasikan strategi Kabupaten Subang menuju smart city pada setiap dimensi smart city. Strategi tersebut di antaranya adalah percepatan layanan publik, pengambilan keputusan cepat terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi Subang, dan dukungan sistem monitoring wilayah Subang sehingga kepala daerah dan dinas terkait dapat memperoleh informasi yang terkini dan dapat bertindak responsif.
Mediatisasi Jasa Layanan Makanan Melalui Aplikasi GoFood dan GrabFood
Teknologi bukan sekedar menjadi media komunikasi dan interaksi namun mampu mengubah perilaku sosial dan budaya dalam hal ini cara hidup masyarakat (way of life). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memahami fenomena perubahan perilaku sosial dan budaya (way of life) dengan adanya jasa layanan GoFood dan GrabFood serta alat pembayarannya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan teori mediatisasi seperti yang disampaikan Hjarvard. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi, dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi dan wawancara kepada sepuluh pengguna aplikasi yang cukup intens menggunakan GoFood dan GrabFood sehingga dianggap sudah mewakili untuk memahami perubahan fenomena tersebut. Peneliti juga melakukan observasi partisipan untuk mengecek validitas data. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa terjadi perubahan perilaku, sosial, dan budaya (way of life) masyarakat dengan adanya GoFood dan GrabFood, yaitu: (1) perubahan relasi sosial masyarakat; (2) perubahan cara berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi masyarakat; (3) perubahan budaya transaksi pembayaran; (4) perubahan perilaku oleh aktor lain karena beradaptasi dengan sistem aplikasi GoFood/GrabFood; (5) perubahan masyarakat jenis baru. Dari penelitian tersebut juga diketahui bahwa melalui layanan GoFood/GrabFood dan alat pembayarannya Gopay/OVO, mampu menjadi institusi independen yang dengan logikanya sendiri mampu mendistribusikan sumber materi dan simbolik dengan berbagai menu makanan dalam bentuk gambar dan berbagai jenis voucer dan promo, membuat aturan formal dan nonformal yang mampu memaksa institusi lain untuk mengakomodasinya, dan media secara simultan menjadi bagian yang terintegrasi dengan institusi lain dalam hal ini sektor ekonomi.